Getting to Why: Adverse Childhood Experiences' Impact on Adult Health

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contributes to 7 of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States as well as health risk behaviors, including substance abuse, physical inactivity, and high-risk sex behaviors. ACEs are traumatic childhood events that effect biopsychosocial health across the lifespan. It is vital for health care providers to view individuals from a trauma-informed perspective to guide best practice, but few are aware of ACEs, particularly those who treat adults. A review of the science of ACEs research, feasibility of screening for ACEs, and effective responses to trauma-impacted patients is presented in this report.     

内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的短期疗效

目的 对比内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术和单纯内路小梁切开术治疗合并白内障的原发性开角型青光眼（primary open angle glaucoma，POAG）的早期手术效果和并发症。设计 病例对照研究。研究对象2018年3月至2019年3月在北京同仁眼科中心住院手术治疗的合并白内障的POAG患者36例（36眼）。方法 根据患者选择的手术方式，将患者分为两组：行内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术的POAG患者12例（12眼）为观察组，行内路小梁切开术的POAG患者24例（24眼）为对照组。记录并比较两组患眼术前、术后1、2、3、5天、1周、1个月时眼压、视力、并发症和使用降眼压药的种类。主要指标 眼压、视力、并发症和降眼压药物种类。结果 观察组和对照组术前最高眼压分别为（34.08±8.21）mmHg和（37.75±8.61）mmHg（P=0.46）,观察组术后第1天、1周、1个月的平均眼压分别为（20.75±11.89）mmHg、（21.23±8.72）mmHg、（15.00±2.22） mmHg，对照组术前、术后第1天、1周、1个月的平均眼压分别为（16.08±5.63）mm Hg、（22.08±11.48）mmHg、（16.05±5.25）mmHg，两组术后眼压整体变化趋势随时间降低（P<0.001）,两组间术后眼压波动虽然存在差异，但是无统计学意义（P=0.77）。观察组和对照组术后1个月降眼压幅度分别为53.09%±15.19%和55.68%±15.63%（P=0.64）。观察组和对照组术前降眼压药物使用种类分别为（2.67±0.99） 种和（3.08±0.72）种（P=0.16），术后1个月时分别下降至（0.17±0.58）种和（0.96±1.33）种（P=0.06）。观察组和对照组组术后眼压反跳发生率分别为16.67%和54.17%（P=0.03）。前房积血为术后最常见的并发症, 观察组发生率为83.3%，对照组为62.5%（P=0.21)。观察组和对照组睫状体脱离发生率分别为25.0%和75.0%（P=0.004）。观察组中，8眼（66.7%）术后生活视力提高，4眼（33.3%）视力恢复至术前水平，0眼视力降低；对照组中，20眼（83.3%）术后生活视力恢复至术前水平，4眼（16.7%）视力降低（P<0.001）。结论 对于合并白内障的开角型青光眼患者，内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术和单纯内路小梁切开术在术后1个月时降眼压作用相似。联合手术术后视力改善明显，眼压反跳发生率较单纯内路小梁切开术低，是一种安全有效的手术方式，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

Association of the time to first epinephrine administration and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: SOS-KANTO 2012 study

Objective

This study assessed the association between the timing of first epinephrine administration (EA) and the neurological outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) with both initial shockable and non-shockable rhythms.

Philtrum reconstruction in unilateral cleft lip repair

The philtrum is an important aesthetic structure in the midface. A number of philtrum reconstruction techniques have been advocated for secondary cleft lip revision procedures. Conventional surgical management involves end-to-end orbicularis oris muscle approximation during primary cleft lip repair, often resulting in a flat lip appearance that requires secondary revision surgery at a later stage. A novel modification of the approximation of the orbicularis oris muscle is described that may be implemented with any cleft lip technique in order to create an accentuated philtrum column for a natural looking philtrum. The muscle roll technique results in eversion of the orbicularis oris muscle, successfully recapturing the philtrum column topography. This is achieved by utilizing two inverted horizontal sutures, with an additional philtrum takedown suture placed in the region of the dimple to accentuate the philtrum anatomy and three-dimensional profile. This novel technique in unilateral cleft lip repair addresses philtrum architecture during primary surgery, which may reduce the requirement for secondary surgical intervention. Its application may be particularly suitable in outreach programmes where postoperative follow-up may be compromised.     

The Outcome of Cemented Acetabular Components in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis Defines a Proficiency Threshold: Results of 22,956 Cases From the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry

BackgroundThe declining popularity of cemented acetabular components is incongruous, given the published results of prostheses implanted using contemporary techniques. The outcome of arthroplasty has previously been demonstrated to correlate with surgeon experience and volume of practice. We aim to explore if surgeon volume alters outcomes of cemented acetabular components based on survivorship data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR).MethodsAn observational study was undertaken using a cohort of 22,956 patients with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the period 2003-2016 in whom cemented acetabular components were implanted. The cohort was stratified by age (greater than or less than 65 years) and annualized surgical volume of ≤10, >10-≤25, and >25 cases.ResultsStratified by age and volume, there was a protective benefit against revision conveyed at volume thresholds of 10 cases per annum and 25 cases per annum for patients ≥65 years of age and <65 years of age, respectively.ConclusionCemented total hip arthroplasty has excellent survivorship out to 15 years based on AOANJRR data. This survivorship is further improved if surgeons perform a higher volume of cases, with >25 cases conferring the greatest benefit. The AOANJRR data set is used to define best practice; surgeons who choose to utilize cemented acetabular fixation should be encouraged to perform this technique in adequate volumes to minimize revision risk and ensure the preservation of this important surgical skill set.     

Trends in advanced imaging and hospitalization for emergency department syncope care before and after ACEP clinical policy

ObjectivesTo describe recent trends in advanced imaging and hospitalization of emergency department (ED) syncope patients, both considered “low-value”, and examine trend changes before and after the publication of American College Emergency Physician (ACEP) syncope guidelines in 2007, compared to conditions that had no changes in guideline recommendations.MethodsWe analyzed 2002–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data using an interrupted-time series with comparison series design. The primary outcomes were advanced imaging among ED visits with principal diagnosis of syncope and headache and hospitalization for ED visits with principal diagnosis of syncope, chest pain, dysrhythmia, and pneumonia. We adjusted annual imaging and hospitalization rates using survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression, controlling for demographic and visit characteristics. Using adjusted outcomes as datapoints, we compared linear trends and trend changes of annual imaging and hospitalization rates before and after 2007 with aggregate-level multivariable linear regression.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2007, advanced imaging rates for syncope increased from 27.2% to 42.1% but had no significant trend after 2007 (trend change: ?3.1%; 95%CI ?4.7, ?1.6). Hospitalization rates remained at approximately 37% from 2002 to 2007 but declined to 25.7% by 2015 (trend change: ?2.2%; 95%CI ?3.0, ?1.4). Similar trend changes occurred among control conditions versus syncope, including advanced imaging for headache (difference in trend change: ?0.6%; 95%CI ?2.8, 1.6) and hospitalizations for chest pain, dysrhythmia, and pneumonia (differences in trend changes: 0.1% [95%CI ?1.9, 2.0]; ?0.9% [95%CI ?3.1, 1.3]; and ?1.2% [95%CI ?5.3, 2.9], respectively).ConclusionsBefore and after the release of 2007 ACEP syncope guidelines, trends in advanced imaging and hospitalization for ED syncope visits had similar changes compared to control conditions. Changes in syncope care may, therefore, reflect broader practice shifts rather than a direct association with the 2007 ACEP guideline. Moreover, utilization of advanced imaging remains prevalent. To reduce low-value care, policymakers should augment society guidelines with additional policy changes such as reportable quality measures.     

男性乳腺癌38例临床病理分析

目的 分析男性乳腺癌的临床病理及分子分型特点。方法 回顾分析宁波市临床病理诊断中心2013年1月至2019年3月38例男性乳腺癌病例的临床病理和分子分型资料。结果 38例男性乳腺癌病人，占同期乳腺癌病人0.83%，中位年龄68.5（24～88）岁，病灶位于左侧20例，位于右侧18例。其中29例为浸润性导管癌，2例为分泌性癌，1例为实性乳头状癌伴微浸润， 2例为导管内乳头状癌伴微浸润，4例为包裹性乳头状癌（其中2例伴微浸润）。浸润性导管癌组织学分级Ⅰ级2例，Ⅱ级20例，Ⅲ级7例。16例伴淋巴结转移。免疫组化染色：36例ER 阳性，35例PR阳性。分子分型Luminal A型18例，Luminal B型16例，基底细胞型2例。结论 男性乳腺癌少见，发病年龄较晚，临床分期较高，预后较差，且发生第2种原发性癌的可能性增加，加强对其认识，争取早期诊断、治疗及监测非常重要。男性乳腺癌仍须扩大样本量进一步研究。